C/C++ 获取键盘事件

Windows 系统下的 vs 中可以使用 _kbhit() 函数来获取键盘事件，使用时需要加入 conio.h 头文件，例：

实例

#include <conio.h>
#include <iostream>
 
using namespace std;
 
int main()
{
    int ch;
    while (1){
        if (_kbhit()){//如果有按键按下，则_kbhit()函数返回真
            ch = _getch();//使用_getch()函数获取按下的键值
            cout << ch;
            if (ch == 27){ break; }//当按下ESC时循环，ESC键的键值时27.
        }
    }
    system("pause");
}

在 Unix/Linux 下，并没有提供 kbhit() 函数。我们可以自己来实现 kbhit() 程序。

实例

#include <stdio.h>
#include <termios.h>
 
static struct termios initial_settings, new_settings;
static int peek_character = -1;
void init_keyboard(void);
void close_keyboard(void);
int kbhit(void);
int readch(void); 
void init_keyboard()
{
    tcgetattr(0,&initial_settings);
    new_settings = initial_settings;
    new_settings.c_lflag |= ICANON;
    new_settings.c_lflag |= ECHO;
    new_settings.c_lflag |= ISIG;
    new_settings.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
    new_settings.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
    tcsetattr(0, TCSANOW, &new_settings);
}
 
void close_keyboard()
{
    tcsetattr(0, TCSANOW, &initial_settings);
}
 
int kbhit()
{
    unsigned char ch;
    int nread;
 
    if (peek_character != -1) return 1;
    new_settings.c_cc[VMIN]=0;
    tcsetattr(0, TCSANOW, &new_settings);
    nread = read(0,&ch,1);
    new_settings.c_cc[VMIN]=1;
    tcsetattr(0, TCSANOW, &new_settings);
    if(nread == 1) 
    {
        peek_character = ch;
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}
 
int readch()
{
    char ch;
 
    if(peek_character != -1) 
    {
        ch = peek_character;
        peek_character = -1;
        return ch;
    }
    read(0,&ch,1);
    return ch;
}
 
int main()
{
    init_keyboard();
    while(1)
    {
        kbhit();
        printf("\n%d\n", readch());
    }
    close_keyboard();
    return 0;
}

键盘 Key Code 对照表