使用 lshw 读取硬件信息

lshw 是一个读取硬件信息的命令行工具。

安装 lshw

archlinux 默认并没有安装 lshw，你需要手工安装

sudo pacman -S lshw

使用 lshw

注意： 由于 lshw 需要读取硬件信息，因此需要使用 root 权限

列出硬件信息

直接运行 lshw 就能列出本机上的硬件信息了：

sudo lshw

结果为：

若你觉得输出很乱，其实 lshw 也提供了一个 GUI 界面给你使用。

lshw -X

让 lshw 现实 SCSI，USB，IDE 和 PCI 设备的信息

通过 -businfo 可以获取主线信息

sudo lshw -businfo

结果为：

Bus info          Device       Class       Description
======================================================
                               system      F31
                               bus         F31
                               memory      102KiB BIOS
cpu@0                          processor   Intel(R) Pentium(R) Dual  CPU  T2330 
                               memory      64KiB L1 cache
                               memory      1MiB L2 cache
                               memory      4GiB System Memory
                               memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 533 MHz (1
                               memory      2GiB DIMM DDR2 Synchronous 533 MHz (1
pci@0000:00:00.0               bridge      Mobile PM965/GM965/GL960 Memory Contr
pci@0000:00:02.0               display     Mobile GM965/GL960 Integrated Graphic
pci@0000:00:02.1               display     Mobile GM965/GL960 Integrated Graphic
pci@0000:00:1a.0               bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Control
usb@3             usb3         bus         UHCI Host Controller
pci@0000:00:1a.1               bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Control
usb@4             usb4         bus         UHCI Host Controller
pci@0000:00:1a.7               bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Contro
usb@1             usb1         bus         EHCI Host Controller
pci@0000:00:1b.0               multimedia  82801H (ICH8 Family) HD Audio Control
pci@0000:00:1c.0               bridge      82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port
pci@0000:02:00.0               network     BCM4311 802.11b/g WLAN
pci@0000:00:1c.1               bridge      82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port
pci@0000:00:1c.5               bridge      82801H (ICH8 Family) PCI Express Port
pci@0000:06:00.0  enp6s0       network     NetLink BCM5906M Fast Ethernet PCI Ex
pci@0000:00:1d.0               bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Control
usb@5             usb5         bus         UHCI Host Controller
pci@0000:00:1d.1               bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Control
usb@6             usb6         bus         UHCI Host Controller
usb@6:1                        input       USB Optical Mouse
pci@0000:00:1d.2               bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB UHCI Control
usb@7             usb7         bus         UHCI Host Controller
pci@0000:00:1d.7               bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) USB2 EHCI Contro
usb@2             usb2         bus         EHCI Host Controller
usb@2:1                        generic     802.11n NIC
usb@2:2                        storage     OnlyDisk
usb@2:4                        multimedia  Lenovo EasyCamera
pci@0000:00:1e.0               bridge      82801 Mobile PCI Bridge
pci@0000:07:09.0               bus         R5C832 IEEE 1394 Controller
pci@0000:07:09.1               generic     R5C822 SD/SDIO/MMC/MS/MSPro Host Adap
pci@0000:07:09.2               generic     R5C592 Memory Stick Bus Host Adapter
pci@0000:07:09.3               generic     xD-Picture Card Controller
pci@0000:00:1f.0               bridge      82801HM (ICH8M) LPC Interface Control
pci@0000:00:1f.1               storage     82801HM/HEM (ICH8M/ICH8M-E) IDE Contr
pci@0000:00:1f.2               storage     82801HM/HEM (ICH8M/ICH8M-E) SATA Cont
pci@0000:00:1f.3               bus         82801H (ICH8 Family) SMBus Controller
                               power       35329
scsi@5            scsi5        storage     
                  lxdbr0       network     Ethernet interface
usb@2:1           wlp0s29f7u1  network     Wireless interface
                  docker0      network     Ethernet interface

指定 lshw 输出信息的格式

lshw 可以将信息以 html，xml 或 json 的格式进行输出：

# lshw -html
# lshw -xml
lshw -json

结果为：

这样就很容易用 jq 之类的信息从中抽取信息了。

让 lshw 显示出敏感信息

默认情况下，lshw 会隐藏IP地址、serial number 之类的敏感信息，若你希望把这类信息也显示出来，则可以执行

sudo lshw -sanitize

获取帮助

lshw -help

会在 stderr 中显示简单的参数说明：

Hardware Lister (lshw) - unknown
usage: lshw [-format] [-options ...]
       lshw -version

        -version        print program version (unknown)

format can be
        -html           output hardware tree as HTML
        -xml            output hardware tree as XML
        -short          output hardware paths
        -businfo        output bus information
        -X              use graphical interface

options can be
        -class CLASS    only show a certain class of hardware
        -C CLASS        same as '-class CLASS'
        -c CLASS        same as '-class CLASS'
        -disable TEST   disable a test (like pci, isapnp, cpuid, etc. )
        -enable TEST    enable a test (like pci, isapnp, cpuid, etc. )
        -quiet          don't display status
        -sanitize       sanitize output (remove sensitive information like serial numbers, etc.)
        -numeric        output numeric IDs (for PCI, USB, etc.)
        -notime         exclude volatile attributes (timestamps) from output