Normalize-zh.css 是根据对 Normalize.css 的源码分析后,经过学习与整理,将源代码中的英文注释文档翻译为中文版本,方便国内的开发者学习和使用,我深知此版本一定有很多不足,希望能得到大家的理解和支持,同样也很愿意和大家一起完善。
/**
* 1. Set default font family to sans-serif.
* 2. Prevent iOS and IE text size adjust after device orientation change,
* without disabling user zoom.
*/
html {
font-family: sans-serif; /* 1 */
-ms-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */
-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */
}
第2个问题场景是这样,苹果IOS设备调整后会自动调整文字的大小,按照苹果的意图是为了提升用户体验,比如竖屏状态下是14px,转换为横屏时就变成了20px,把text-size-adjust:100%就不会调整字体大小了。
如果把值设置为'text-size-adjust:none',那么就会导致用户无法放大缩小字体了。
/**
* Remove default margin.
*/
body {
margin: 0;
}
/**
* Correct `block` display not defined for any HTML5 element in IE 8/9.
* Correct `block` display not defined for `details` or `summary` in IE 10/11
* and Firefox.
* Correct `block` display not defined for `main` in IE 11.
*/
article,
aside,
details,
figcaption,
figure,
footer,
header,
hgroup,
main,
menu,
nav,
section,
summary {
display: block;
}
这个问题想必大家都已经非常清楚,当低版本浏览器遇到不识别的元素时,会默认把他们当成内联元素(inline),这里重新定义成为block元素。
/**
* 1. Correct `inline-block` display not defined in IE 8/9.
* 2. Normalize vertical alignment of `progress` in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera.
*/
audio,
canvas,
progress,
video {
display: inline-block; /* 1 */
vertical-align: baseline; /* 2 */
}
progress是HTML5的新标签,可以定义进度条,但是它Chrome, Firefox, 和Opera并没有已baseline垂直对齐。
/**
* Prevent modern browsers from displaying `audio` without controls.
* Remove excess height in iOS 5 devices.
*/
audio:not([controls]) {
display: none;
height: 0;
}
在IE8之前的浏览器是不支持controls属性,这里的办法是直接隐藏该元素
/**
* Address `[hidden]` styling not present in IE 8/9/10.
* Hide the `template` element in IE 8/9/10/11, Safari, and Firefox < 22.
*/
[hidden],
template {
display: none;
}
template标签用于HTML模板,大家应该都是用过HTML模版开发页面,这个标签是按照实际需求添加的,但是模板又不能在界面上显示,所以这里统一了样式,兼容旧浏览器。
/**
* Remove the gray background color from active links in IE 10.
*/
a {
background-color: transparent;
}
/**
* Improve readability of focused elements when they are also in an
* active/hover state.
*/
a:active,
a:hover {
outline: 0;
}
/**
* Address styling not present in IE 8/9/10/11, Safari, and Chrome.
*/
abbr[title] {
border-bottom: 1px dotted;
}
语义abbr标签是表示简称或缩写,自身的title属性是完整版,但是此标签在Firefox下默认有下边框,而其他浏览器中没有,这里统一了样式。
/**
* Address style set to `bolder` in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome.
*/
b,
strong {
font-weight: bold;
}
Firefox 3+, Safari 和 Chrome 给b和strong设置的属性是bolder,而不是bold,这里统一了样式。
/**
* Address styling not present in Safari and Chrome.
*/
dfn {
font-style: italic;
}
dfn 标签可标记那些对特殊术语或短语的定义,在Safari 和Chrome 里不是斜体,在这里统一了样式。
/**
* Address variable `h1` font-size and margin within `section` and `article`
* contexts in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome.
*/
h1 {
font-size: 2em;
margin: 0.67em 0;
}
/**
* Address styling not present in IE 8/9.
*/
mark {
background: #ff0;
color: #000;
}
mark标签用来突出显示部分文本,设置后会有一个高亮背景,但是此标签是HTML5中的新标签,在低版本浏览器并不识别,所以需要重置样式。
/**
* Address inconsistent and variable font size in all browsers.
*/
small {
font-size: 80%;
}
small标签在 HTML 4.01 就已经存在,HTML5 中增强了它的寓意,表示旁注信息,不过此标签在各个浏览器中呈现的字体大小不一样,在这里做了统一
/**
* Prevent `sub` and `sup` affecting `line-height` in all browsers.
*/
sub,
sup {
font-size: 75%;
line-height: 0;
position: relative;
vertical-align: baseline;
}
sup {
top: -0.5em;
}
sub {
bottom: -0.25em;
}
sup和sub两个标签是用来表示上标和下标,据HTML标准中对small,sub和sup的大小要求都是smaller,但是如上所示normalize.css给small设的是80%,而sub和sup却是75%,所以为了保持一致,且不影响其他元素的行高,把两者的line-height设为0,然后设置它的垂直以baseline开始,设置top和bottom手动设置两者偏移量
/**
* Remove border when inside `a` element in IE 8/9/10.
*/
img {
border: 0;
}
在旧版本的浏览器中,图片默认会有一个奇丑无比的蓝色边框,这这里进行清除,统一样式。
/**
* Correct overflow not hidden in IE 9/10/11.
*/
svg:not(:root) {
overflow: hidden;
}
/**
* Address margin not present in IE 8/9 and Safari.
*/
figure {
margin: 1em 40px;
}
figure 是HTML5的新标签,用做文档插图,但它在 IE 8/9 and Safari 中的默认margin失效,这里做了统一设置。
/**
* Address differences between Firefox and other browsers.
*/
hr {
box-sizing: content-box;
height: 0;
}
在 Firefox 中,hr元素的默认样式很多,和其它浏览器主要的差异有两点: 1.设置了height为2px; 2.box-sizing为border-box; 此样式对这两个问题进行重置,进行统一
/**
* Contain overflow in all browsers.
*/
pre {
overflow: auto;
}
大部分浏览器的pre在overflow的时候会直接溢出去,这里加上overflow:auto让它出现滚动条
/**
* Address odd `em`-unit font size rendering in all browsers.
*/
code,
kbd,
pre,
samp {
font-family: monospace, monospace;
font-size: 1em;
}
/**
* 1. Correct color not being inherited.
* Known issue: affects color of disabled elements.
* 2. Correct font properties not being inherited.
* 3. Address margins set differently in Firefox 4+, Safari, and Chrome.
*/
button,
input,
optgroup,
select,
textarea {
color: inherit; /* 1 */
font: inherit; /* 2 */
margin: 0; /* 3 */
}
有一些浏览器会把form表单中的一些元素 textarea,text,button,select 中的字体和字体颜色默认会设置成用户的字体或者是浏览器的字体,并不会从父元素继承,所以这里重置了这些元素的默认样式。
/**
* Address `overflow` set to `hidden` in IE 8/9/10/11.
*/
button {
overflow: visible;
}
在 IE 8/9/10/11里的button默认的overflow是hidden,这里统一为visible
/**
* Address inconsistent `text-transform` inheritance for `button` and `select`.
* All other form control elements do not inherit `text-transform` values.
* Correct `button` style inheritance in Firefox, IE 8/9/10/11, and Opera.
* Correct `select` style inheritance in Firefox.
*/
button,
select {
text-transform: none;
}
/**
* 1. Avoid the WebKit bug in Android 4.0.* where (2) destroys native `audio`
* and `video` controls.
* 2. Correct inability to style clickable `input` types in iOS.
* 3. Improve usability and consistency of cursor style between image-type
* `input` and others.
*/
button,
html input[type="button"], /* 1 */
input[type="reset"],
input[type="submit"] {
-webkit-appearance: button; /* 2 */
cursor: pointer; /* 3 */
}
这里将可点击的按钮,统一设置鼠标样式为pointer,提高了可用性
/**
* Re-set default cursor for disabled elements.
*/
button[disabled],
html input[disabled] {
cursor: default;
}
/**
* Remove inner padding and border in Firefox 4+.
*/
button::-moz-focus-inner,
input::-moz-focus-inner {
border: 0;
padding: 0;
}
/**
* Address Firefox 4+ setting `line-height` on `input` using `!important` in
* the UA stylesheet.
*/
input {
line-height: normal;
}
Firefox浏览器会默认设置input[type="button"]的行高为normal !important,这里统一样式
/**
* It's recommended that you don't attempt to style these elements.
* Firefox's implementation doesn't respect box-sizing, padding, or width.
*
* 1. Address box sizing set to `content-box` in IE 8/9/10.
* 2. Remove excess padding in IE 8/9/10.
*/
input[type="checkbox"],
input[type="radio"] {
box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */
padding: 0; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Fix the cursor style for Chrome's increment/decrement buttons. For certain
* `font-size` values of the `input`, it causes the cursor style of the
* decrement button to change from `default` to `text`.
*/
input[type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button,
input[type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button {
height: auto;
}

/**
* 1. Address `appearance` set to `searchfield` in Safari and Chrome.
* 2. Address `box-sizing` set to `border-box` in Safari and Chrome.
*/
input[type="search"] {
-webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */
box-sizing: content-box; /* 2 */
}
searchfield是CSS3的属性,它可以让一个div元素看上去像任何元素,但是浏览器支持性并不好,
/**
* Remove inner padding and search cancel button in Safari and Chrome on OS X.
* Safari (but not Chrome) clips the cancel button when the search input has
* padding (and `textfield` appearance).
*/
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-cancel-button,
input[type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration {
-webkit-appearance: none;
}
/**
* Define consistent border, margin, and padding.
*/
fieldset {
border: 1px solid #c0c0c0;
margin: 0 2px;
padding: 0.35em 0.625em 0.75em;
}
/**
* 1. Correct `color` not being inherited in IE 8/9/10/11.
* 2. Remove padding so people aren't caught out if they zero out fieldsets.
*/
legend {
border: 0; /* 1 */
padding: 0; /* 2 */
}
/**
* Remove default vertical scrollbar in IE 8/9/10/11.
*/
textarea {
overflow: auto;
}
/**
* Don't inherit the `font-weight` (applied by a rule above).
* NOTE: the default cannot safely be changed in Chrome and Safari on OS X.
*/
optgroup {
font-weight: bold;
}
/**
* Remove most spacing between table cells.
*/
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
border-spacing: 0;
}
td,
th {
padding: 0;
}

